Category: Basic Concepts

  • Foucault’s Governmentality: Summary Notes

    The famous philosopher Foucault has enriched us with his ideas on various topics and an important one among them is his concept of governmentality. He discussed this topic of governmentality or government rationality through a series of lectures. Governmentality for Foucault simply meant ‘the conduct of conduct ‘, which can be simplified as an activity…

  • Sociology Optional: Notes, Syllabus, Book list, Question papers

    Read this article to learn about Sociology optional for UPSC Exam What is UPSC? What is Sociology optional in UPSC Mains Exam? About  union public service commission (UPSC) The Civil Services of India refers to the Government of India’s permanent bureaucracy and includes Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Forest Service (IFS)…

  • What is the concept of Phratry Concept?

    Phratry is a Greek terminology whose meaning his brother. In the starting of human era say around 2nd century BC, there was a division of Greek tribes and the division was known as Phratry. They shared a common kinship and brotherhood was the relation between them. For example, in the present situation, people of the…

  • What is meant by Philosophy and ways of Approach

    Philosophy is a Greek term which literally means the achieving of knowledge at its best. Philosophy is concerned with studying perceptions, theories, articulations, problems, situations and relationship patterns. In more context way it is the whole study of human behavior and psychology related to almost everything. Pythagoras was the one to come up with this…

  • Penology Concept, Meaning, Functions and Role

    PENOLOGY: Francis Lieber was the sociologist who coined the term penology which means punishment for criminals. Sociology has many branches in which there is a criminology branch which studies the actions and thought the process of a criminal mind. to say in simple words it means deciding penalty charges for the person is guilty. its…

  • Peasant: meaning, history and their present situation

    Peasant: Our society has seen class stratification and peasants were mainly in the lower class. The peasant is mainly comprised of a high percentage in developing countries. For example, India has almost seventy percent of peasants from the total population. They are mainly seen as cultivating crops and the shortage of money can pass into…

  • Plural Society definition and Meaning

    Plural society is simple words mean the integration of different communities who practice different culture, languages, and beliefs. For example, in any school, it is not mandatory to collect students from the same language or culture. Different students belonging to different class study altogether and it can be seen as the very basis of teaching…